Networking articles, errata, and notes gathered over the years. If you see an error, please comment so it can be corrected.
OC = Optical Carrier DS = Digital Service, level 0-3; DS3 ~= T3 ~= OC3 DS0 = 64 Kbps DS1 = 1.554 Kbps OC-1 = 51.85 Mbps OC-3 = 155.52 Mbps OC-12 = 622.08 Mbps OC-24 = 1.244 Gbps OC-48 = 2.488 Gbps
These are more notes from a Micro-Annex setup session - you'll need either the oper.52.enet file already on the box - some came with 4MB flash or a tftpserver to place the file on and the annex can boot from that.
monitor:: ? Monitor Commands: addr [-d] configure the Ethernet interface boot [-v] [] download and run a file from host or self boot [-l] [ ] download, saves to self and run a file from host config show hardware configuration and rev info console-baud set console baudrate for remote diagnostics maintenance erase erase non-volatile memory help (or "?") print this list of commands image [-d| ] display and/or set the load image & TFTP load/dump names ipx [-d] set IPX load/dump file server lat [-d] set LAT key mop [-d] set MOP load/dump address net Ethernet standalone external loopback test ping send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST, host [data size] [npackets] ports [-d] port tests with current status of ports displayed sequence [-d| ] display and edit the interface sequence slip [-d] [
] configure a SL/IP interface stats [-slip] display network error statistics All of the commands will prompt for any additional information they need, and require no arguments. monitor:: addr Enter Internet address [10.120.210.219]:: Enter Subnet mask [255.255.255.0]:: Enter Preferred load host Internet address [10.120.210.5]:: (tftpboot server address on 10.120.210 subnet) Enter Broadcast address [10.120.210.0]:: 0.0 Broadcast address: 0.0.0.0 Enter Preferred dump address [0.0.0.0]:: Select type of IP packet encapsulation (ieee802/ethernet) [ ]:: Type of IP packet encapsulation: Load Broadcast Y/N [N]:: monitor:: sequence net self Interface sequence: net,self monitor:: net Is a loopback plug being used ? (y/n) [n]: Network test - PASSED monitor:: boot Enter boot file name [(ip) "oper.52.enet", (mop) "OPER_52_ENET.SYS"]:: Requesting default boot file "OPER_52_ENET.SYS" for MOP/VMS loads and "oper.52.enet" for all other protocols Unanswered requests shown as '?', transmission errors as '*'. Requesting boot from 10.120.210.5 via Ethernet... Booting BFS file using open delay of 8 Booting from 10.120.210.5 Header received OK. Received data blocks shown as '.'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EOF Annex Command Line Interpreter * Copyright 1991 Xylogics, Inc. annex: su Password: (IP of annexbox) annex# ? Annex Command Summary Name Syntax Description ===================================================================== ? ? [ ] [-m macro] :Display help on Annex commands admin admin :Enters local administration function arp arp [-ads] [ ...] :Display/change Ethernet ARP tables bg bg [-dq] [%][%,+,-, , ] :Put a job in the background boot boot [-adhlqr] [
icmp internet control meessage protocol
ip fragments and routes data
csma/cd carrier-sense, multiple access/carrier detect
utp unshielded twisted pair
10baseT 1 UTP
100baseT4 2 UTP
100baseTX 4 UTP
100baseFX 2 strands of multimode fiber
ethernet addr. administered by Xerox, handed out in triplets 8:0:20 for sun
brdcast addr all ff's, or ones in decimal
mtu maximum transfer unit
arp address resolution protocol, used for assmbly of headers
snoop, netstat, ifconfig
snoop broadcast snoop -V mochabomb netstat -i Address field: /etc/inet/hosts netstat -r display routing table for a local system ifconfig le0 show info for my interface
ARP TABLE
Entries: device (le0, etc), IP, Mask, flags, Ether addr
ARP table flags: SPMU: saved, published, mapped for multicast, unresolved
example# arp -a, example# arp -s mochabomb 8:0:20:ab:12:3f add mochabomb perm'ly to table example# arp -s mochabomb 8:0:20:ab:12:3f temp add mochabomb temp'ly to table: 3-4 minutes example# arp -s mochabomb 8:0:20:ab:12:3f pub use for machines that cannot resp'd to arp req's example# arp -d mochabomb delete from table example# arp -f newhosts.txt add from a file of form:hostname ether_addr [temp][pub]
NETWORK INTERFACE CONFIGURATION
init process: /sbin/init /etc/inittab /etc/initd/rootusr /etc/hostname.le0 hostname entry here arp begins with IP, gets ether (target hardware address) rarp begins with known ether, gets IP snoop -v rarp see a rarp request, ON SAME SUBNET in.rarpd rarp daemon, booting machine must be listed in /etc/iniet/hosts & /etc/ethers /sbin/ifconfig -plumb, -a, -unplumb, uses /etc/rc2.d/S72inetsvc & rcS.d/S30rootusr scripts ifconfig le0 up, down turn up, down an interface, take it down before tweaking something ifconfig le0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast + up guess....
The Internet Layer Class
127.0.0.1 loopback address
A 0 first bit 0 allow 1-127 for class A
B 10[000000 to [111111] first two bits are 10, leaving 128-191 for class B
C 110 first 3 bits are 110, leavinbg 192-223 for class C
D 1110 " " leaving 224-239 for multicast
Netmasks Compute the network number 1 bits keep, 0's mask out
A 255.0.0.0, ff:0:0:0
B 255.255.0.0 ff:ff:0:0
C 255.255.255.0 ff:ff:ff:0
Reserved Numbers
129.146.0.0 network number
129.146.255.255 boardcast on that network
0.0.0.0 IP for 'ignorant' systems, need to boot w/o an IP
255.255.255.255 generic broadcast
IPv6: 128 bit address, versus 32 bit
::192.146.52.26 IPv4 in IPv6 format, :: mean zero.
Console port RJ45->DB25 wiring ____________ | |||||||| | | 12345678 | | | <- Tab is down |_ _| | | ___________________ \ 1-13 / \ 14-25 / --------------- RJ45 -> DB25 --------------------- black(3) -> pin2 white(8) -> pin3 blue(1) -> pin7
SUN uses RS-423, compat w/RS-232-25
Broadcast Network: all of the workstations on the network receive all transmissions
PointA PointB trn 2 -----> 2 rcv rcv 3 <----- 3 trn rts 4 -----> 4 rts cts 5 <----- 5 cts dsr 6 <----- 6 dsr gnd 7 <----> 7 gnd dcd 8 <----- 8 dcd dtr20 -----> 20dtr
NULL MODEM CABLE
trn 2 <-\/-> 2 trn rcv 3 <-/\-> 3 rcv gnd 7 <----> 7 gnd
BI-DIR Modems
* set to use hardware carrier detect, DCD pin, #8, data carrier detect (high=using, low=not used)
SERVICE ACCESS FACILITY SAF
* Don King of serial ports
* monitor remote printer requests on network ports
* consists of service access controller, SAC, this runs SAF
/etc/saf: zsmon/_pmtab tcp/_pmtab _sactab (definitions)
ttya or ttyb (/dev/term/a or b)
ttymon daemon is a STREAMS-based TTY port monitor
ttymon manages serial ports
listen manages network ports
sacadm add, rm, diable, monitor port monitors
pmadm provide port use info
ttyadm tty info
nlsadmin provide listen-specific information to the pmadm command
The Bootup Sequence:
read /etc/inittab, start sac at runlevel 2
/etc/saf/_sysconfig system timezone, etc
Handy Commands
# sacadm -a -p newpmtag -t ttymon -c /usr/lib/saf/ttymon -v 1 add port monitor tag # ttyadm -V version number # sacadm -l list all port mon status' # pmadm -l list port monitors # pmadm -l -s ttya list specific configured port monitor # sacadm -k,s,d,e,r -p zsmon kill(k), start(s) disable(d), enable(e), remove a tag(r)a port mon
DIS/EN able a terminal login, like on clock board:
# pmadm -d,e -p zsmon -s ttyb d-disable, e-enable
TTY SETTINGS
/etc/ttydefs
/usr/share/lib/terminfo directory: term and printer database, termcap /etc/termcap has info too
ADD A LOGIN service for an acsii terminal from a third serial port using async line mux card
# pmadm -a -p newpmtag -s tyc -i root -fu -v 1 -m > "`ttyadm -l 9600 -d /dev/term/c -T tvi925 \ > -i 'terminal disabled' -s /usr/bin/login -S y`"
See jt4 for more info
SETTING UP A TERMINAL FOR LOGIN SERVICE
# ttyadm -V display the version info
# add an instance of a ttymon port mon called zsmon
# sacadm -a -p zsmon -t ttymon > -c /usr/lib/saf/ttymon -v 1
# pmadm -r -p zsmon -s ttya remove existing service for ttya, so that a terminal
can be connected for solaris 2.6 release
# pmadm -a -p zsmon -s ttya -i root -fu -v 1 \ use this simple command to associate
> -m "ttyadm -l 9600 -d /dev/term/a -T tvi925 \ the print monitor with the service
> -i 'terminal disabled' -s /usr/bin/login -S y`" it provides.
Try loggin into the workstation from the terminal
SETTING UP A BIDIRECTIONAL MODEM
.. USE ADMINTOOL TO MAKE THINGS WAY EASIER
TEST MODEM WITH TIP COMMAND
config: /etc/remote
| = or, : = separator
# tip -baudrate hostname | phone-number
# tip -14153374000